Steam turbine working principle

The working principle of a steam turbine is as an initial mover that is useful for converting existing potential energy into kinetic energy which will later be converted into mechanical energy to drive the turbine shaft. The turbines of this nature are often used in different power cycles employing a fluid having the property of changing phase. Sep 16, 2018 a steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. When a high pressure motive fluid steam liquid enters the steam nozzle, this result in a decreasing pressure and increasing velocity of the fluid again the fluid enters in the diffuser which result in a increasing pressure and decreasing velocity of the fluid so due to pressure difference vacuum is created in between the nozzle and diffuser we can say venture. Steam turbine how steam energy works turbinegenerator. Water is heated at an extremely high temperature to convert it into steam. Unlike with reciprocating engines, for instance, compression, heating and expansion are. Steam turbine working principle and types of steam turbine. In general, the rankine cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle of a constant pressure heat engine that converts part of heat into mechanical work. The best definition for a turbine one might provide is that the conversion of steams heat to mechanical work, that is finished on a rotating output shaft. Jul 12, 2016 working principle of steam power plant. Since then turbines based on these principles have evolved in parallel and in fact merged to some degree. Turbine is an enginethat converts energy offluid into mechanicalenergythe steam turbine issteam driven rotaryengine.

It is the most widely used prime mover in modern thermal power plants. This rotational energy caused by the high pressured. This video will explain the inner workings of the steam turbines and why they are constructed the way they are in a step by step logical. In general, a steam turbine is a rotary heat engine that converts thermal energy contained in the steam to mechanical energy or to electrical energy. Ideally, no dynamic action of the steam is utilised in a reciprocating system. In the combustion chamber the fuel is sprayed into the air flow, resulting in the burningcombustion process. Variable from little to massive, the turbines are created in a very big range of power capacities. Principle of steam turbine the steam energy is converted mechanical work by expansion through the turbine expansion takes place through a series of fixed blades nozzles and moving blades in each row fixed blade and moving blade are called stage. The steam produced in the process is used to rotate the blades of the turbine and produce rotational or mechanical energy. This is how a combinedcycle plant works to produce electricity. The flow rate of steam is monitored and controlled by interposing valves between the boiler and the turbine. Steam turbine is the engine, where the energy of working fluid is used directly to rotate the turbine blades. This rotational energy caused by the high pressured steam turbine is used to generate electricity from an attached generator. Combinedcycle power plant how it works ge power generation.

In simpler terms, a steam turbine works by heating water to very high temperatures, until it converts into steam. Gas turbine principle, working and applications youtube. Steam turbine working principle of impulse and reaction. Steam turbines are ideal wherever steam is available. The pressure of working medium used in steam turbines is very high. Mar 04, 2020 boiler or more specifically steam boiler is an essential part of thermal power plant.

The variation in load during the operation of a steam turbine can have a significant impact on its performance. Both use a fluid of gous nature at high temperature at high pressure to generate power. In a practical situation the load frequently varies from the designed or economic load and thus there always exists a considerable. The working principle of a steam turbine is as an initial mover that is useful for converting existing potential energy into kinetic energy which will later be converted into. What is steam turbine description and characteristics. What is the working principle of a steam power plant. In impulse steam turbine, there are some fixed nozzles and moving blades are present on a disc mounted on a shaft.

Steam turbine blades look a bit like propeller blades but are made from highperformance alloys because the steam flowing past is hot, at high pressure, and traveling fast. As the lowpressure steam comes in contact with the cooling water, it condenses and turns into water. We will also discuss here what is turbine, main parts of turbine and working principle of a turbine. Steam turbine is the widely use as a prime mover in power plants, refineries, petrochemical plants, food processing plants, power plants etc. Impulse turbine and reaction turbineprinciple, working. A steam turbine generator works by heating water to extremely high temperatures until it is converted into steam, then the steam energy is used to rotate the. An overview on the definition, classification and working principle of st. This arrangement is common in lowpressure casings of a compound turbine. The steam condenser receives exhaust steam from one end and gets in contact with the cooling water flowed within it form the cooling tower. Impulse turbine and reaction turbineprinciple, working and. The working principle of gas turbine system is the atmospheric air goes into the compressor which serves to suck air and raise the pressure of air, so that its pressure will rise. All steam turbines have the same basic parts, though theres a lot of variation in how theyre arranged. The steam turbine working principle and theory has been explained in explicit detail.

The waste heat from the gas turbine is routed to the nearby steam turbine, which generates extra power. Here is the layout of a steam power plant, working fluid cycle steam power plant is a closed cycle, which uses the same fluid repeatedly. All steam turbines can be classified into two categories. The basic working principle of boiler is very very simple and easy to.

The first steam turbine rail locomotive was built in 1908 for the officine meccaniche miani silvestri grodona comi, milan, italy. A steam turbine generator works by heating water to extremely high temperatures until it is converted into steam, then the steam energy is used to rotate the blades of a turbine to create mechanical or rotational energy. A generating station which converts heat energy of coal combustion into electrical energy is known as a steam. The exhaust steam from the steam engine or steam turbine enters at the top of a series of pipes outside of which a film of cold water is falling. Steam condenser definition, working, types and advantages february 21, 2017 october 27, 2017 pankaj mishra 2 comments thermal engineering steam condenser is a mechanical device which converts the low pressure exhaust steam from the turbine into water. Here steam flows through the nozzles at the end of the tubes and it is supported on the bearings. Steam turbine governing is the procedure of monitoring and controlling the flow rate of steam into the turbine with the objective of maintaining its speed of rotation as constant. Sep 17, 2017 this superheated high pressurized steam passes through hp turbine where it expands and rotates the turbine. The steam energy is converted mechanical work by expansion through the turbine.

This happens in several different steam turbine stages. The impulse turbine, in which the pressure drops across the stationary blades. Aug 07, 2019 in a reaction turbine, the blades sit in a much larger volume of fluid and turn around as the fluid flows past them. Steam condenser definition, working, types and advantages. A steam turbine driven generator, sometimes known as turbo generators, can be best explained by understanding a steam turbine and a generator separately. Steam turbine governing is the procedure of controlling the flow rate of steam to a steam turbine so as to maintain its speed of rotation as constant. In this article, we see about the impulse turbine and reaction turbine principle, working and difference.

Steam boiler working principle and types of boiler. Both of these steam turbine types have their own operating schemes and benefits which are described here in detail. How hydroelectricity works hydroelectric energy is produced when the. Aug 07, 2017 steam turbine generator is a device that uses steam to rotate a turbine generator to produce electricity. The course also provides an indepth description on steam turbine components. Oct 27, 2017 steam condenser definition, working, types and advantages february 21, 2017 october 27, 2017 pankaj mishra 2 comments thermal engineering steam condenser is a mechanical device which converts the low pressure exhaust steam from the turbine into water. The training course, designed with extensive graphics and animation, gives a virtual practical exposure on steam turbines and governors. This steam from the exhaust of hp turbine sends back to reheater where it heat again and achieve the initial temperature around 550 degree centigrade. In 1924 krupp built the steam turbine locomotive t18 001, operational in 1929, for deutsche reichsbahn. The steam will also expand as the pressure decreases from one blade stage to the. Dec 22, 2016 function of steam jet ejector in steam turbine. Working principle of steam ejector power plant tutorials. Practical steam turbines come in all shapes and sizes and produce power ranging from one or two megawatts roughly the same output as a single wind turbine up to 1,000 megawatts or more the output from a large power plant, equivalent to 500 wind turbines working at full capacity. Steam turbine drives are equipped with throttling valves or nozzle governors to modulate steam flow and achieve variable speed operation.

Steam turbines use water that is heated to extremely high temperatures and converted into steam to rotate the blades of a turbine, in order to create mechanical or rotational energy. In simple terms, a steam turbine works by using a heat source gas, coal, nuclear, solar to heat water to extremely high temperatures until it is converted into steam. Oct 07, 2017 the steam turbine working principle lies in the change of heat energy contained in steam which is converted into mechanical energy transmitted to the turbine rotor. The outlet relative velocity of steam is much less than at the inlet to the blades.

The design of a turbine rotor depends on the operating principle of the turbine. Feb 20, 2017 steam turbines are ideal wherever steam is available. But in case of a steam turbine, the dynamic action of suddenly expanded steam is mainly utilised to perform mechanical. Types of steam turbines chemical engineering world. Today we will learn about thermal power plant, its main components along with working and its advantages and disadvantages. A steam turbine generator works by heating water to extremely high temperatures until it is converted into steam, then the steam energy is used to rotate the blades of a turbine to create mechanical or rotational energy this rotational energy caused by the high pressured steam turbine is used to generate electricity from an attached generator. The rankine cycle was named after him and describes the performance of steam turbine systems, though the theoretical principle also applies to reciprocating engines such as steam locomotives.

Aug 06, 2017 hydro turbine generators are devices that convert the mechanical energy from moving water into electrical energy. The steam turbine operates on basic principles of thermodynamics using the part 34 of the rankine cycle shown in the adjoining diagram. High pressure steam is fed through a set of fixed nozzles in the turbine stator to the turbine rotor runner and passes along the machine axis through multiple rows of alternately fixed and moving blades. In the turbine, the working fluid undergoing a process of expansion, namely the pressure drop and flow continuously. They convert thermal energy in the steam to mechanical energy. In this article, you will learn what is steam condenser and its working principle, advantages and types of the steam condenser with pdf. In its simplest form, a steam turbine consist of a boiler steam generator, turbine, condenser, feed pump and a variety of auxiliary devices. In this cycle the heat is supplied externally to a. Gas turbine principle, working and applications shaharyar shahnawaz. In this article, we see about the impulse turbine and reaction turbineprinciple, working and difference. Steam turbines can usually operate across a broad speed range and do not fail when overloaded. In simple terms, the steam engine uses the expansion principle of chemistry, where heat applied to water evaporates the water into steam, and the force generated pushes a piston back and forth inside a cylinder. Steam boiler or simply a boiler is basically a closed vessel into which water is heated until the water is converted into steam at required pressure.

In a steam engine, coal burns in a furnace and releases heat, which boils water like a kettle and generates highpressure steam. In principle, the impulse steam turbine consists of a casing containing stationary steam nozzles and a rotor with moving or rotating buckets. The steam turbine working principle lies in the change of heat energy contained in steam which is converted into mechanical energy transmitted to the turbine rotor. Steam turbine is a power machine taking overheated steam with certain temperature and pressure as its motive force, and converting the heat energy of steam to mechanical energy of rotor rotation. Hydro turbine generators are devices that convert the mechanical energy from moving water into electrical energy. Then the high pressure air flow into combustion chamber. Steam driven generators steam turbines and electric. Let us look at turbines first and there are two types of turbines a. Working principle of steam turbine depends on the dynamic action of steam. Steam turbine working principle the steam turbine working principle lies in the change of heat energy contained in steam which is converted into mechanical energy transmitted to the turbine rotor. The steam turbine rotors must be designed with the most care as it is mostly the highly stressed component in the turbine. Steam turbine basic parts mechanical engineering site. The steam enters the turbine casing with some pressure. A highvelocity steam is coming from the nozzles and it strikes the rotating blades which are fitted on a disc mounted on a shaft.

The turbines are of basically four types and these are water turbine, steam turbine, gas turbine and wind turbine. Steam turbine working the steam turbine is a type of engine turbomachine that modifies the energy coming from the steam flow in another kind of energy, mechanics. This highvelocity steam produces dynamic pressure on the blades in which blades and shaft both start to rotate in the same direction. When the steam passes through the stationary nozzles and is directed at high velocity against the rotor buckets. The basics how inductors work working principle duration. At the same time, a stream of air rotates above the water. A steam turbine locomotive engine is a steam locomotive driven by a steam turbine. Here now we going to discuss only steam power station or steam power generation plant and all other power station in next coming articles. The steam turbine drive is capable of serving the same function as a variable speed drive electric motor driver. The rotating shaft spins a coil between the poles of an. Each turbine stage always consists of a stationary circular blade and a rotating blade. Types of steam turbines turbines info wind turbine, steam. Sep 19, 2016 gas turbine principle, working and applications shaharyar shahnawaz. A combinedcycle power plant uses both a gas and a steam turbine together to produce up to 50 percent more electricity from the same fuel than a traditional simplecycle plant.

Wind turbines are perhaps the most familiar examples of. In the turbine, the working fluid undergoing a process of expansion, namely the. Steam turbines lie at the heart of these power plants. Types of steam turbines turbines info wind turbine. The pressure and temperature of steam drop down in hp turbine. Working principle of steam turbine pt hyprowira adhitama. The operating instructions describe the order of executing startup. Steamcturbine power plant which is sometime known as coal based power plant or thermal power plant, is a major source of electrical energy for any country.

We have the advantages, disadvantage, layout, working principle of steam power station or steam power plant in this article. Based on operating principle the steam turbine is classified as two types. A reaction turbine doesnt change the direction of the fluid flow as drastically as an impulse turbine. The steam turbine is one kind of heat engine machine in which steams heat energy is converted to mechanical work. May 04, 2018 in simpler terms, a steam turbine works by heating water to very high temperatures, until it converts into steam. The working principle of steam turbine is very important to be known in the power plant system. When a high pressure motive fluid steamliquid enters the steam nozzle, this result in a decreasing pressure and increasing velocity of the fluid again the fluid enters in the diffuser which result in a increasing pressure and decreasing velocity of the fluid so due to pressure difference vacuum is created in between the nozzle and diffuser we can say venture. Superheated steam or dry saturated steam, depending on application leaves the boiler at high temperature and high pressure. In this article we discussed about the function of steam jet ejector in steam turbine operation and also know about its working principle. Working principle of impulse reaction turbine depends on reaction force produced by steam. This highvelocity steam produces dynamic pressure on the blades in which blades and shaft both start. At entry to the turbine, the steam gains kinetic energy by passing through a nozzle a fixed nozzle in an impulse type turbine or the fixed blades in a reaction type turbine.